Anaplasmosis is a infectious disease caused by a parasite of ruminants rickettsia, Anaplasma spp. The body is produced in white blood cells and is transmitted through natural media across a number of species of bloodsucking ticks. Can also be transmitted iatrogenically by the use of surgery, dehorning, castration, and the tattoo instruments and needles that are not disinfected after each use.

Although the term often associated with infection in animals, it is also used to describe the infection in humans.

Life cycle

Body can go through the entire life cycle in the gut of some species of ticks, flies, but seems to be a mechanical carrier, therefore, is less important to keep the disease in a given region. The disease causes severe anemia and weight loss in animals infected adults. young cattle and other ruminants, the majority showed no clinical signs if infected, but may be carriers. Since the body to “hide” from the immune system blood cells, is difficult if not impossible, the infection is completely cleared up. Since the weakening of the immune response, a body to re-build and host effects.

Distribution

United States, anaplasmosis is also present in the south and west, where the hosts tick Dermacentor spp. se. Although vaccines have been developed are not currently available in the United States. In the 20th century, this disease was considered as one of the significant economic consequences in the western United States. In 1980 and 1990, the control of ticks through new acaricides and treatment with antibiotics as long practices, including tetracycline, has led to the point where the disease is no longer considered a major problem.

The case of co-infection with tick-organisms are increasingly reported in the last decade, perhaps explaining the variable clinical manifestations and responses noted in some patients with tick-borne diseases. In this clinical setting, laboratory testing for coinfection is indicated to ensure appropriate antimicrobial therapy is given.

In 2005, Anaplasma ovis detected in populations of reindeer in Mongolia. This pathogen and its associated syndrome (characterized by lethargy, fever, and pale mucous membranes) has already been observed in sheep and wild goats in the region, and is the first observed case of A. ovis in reindeer.

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