bacteriology, bacteriology use of bacteria industry, hepatit, hepatitis, hepatitis a, hepatitis b, hepatitis c

Bacteria have many qualities that are useful to sector. The diversity of the Bacterial kingdom is mirrored by the diverse applications of bacteria as a inexpensive labor force.

Bacteria can be used to mine gold! well, not quite, but the discovery that Thiobacillus ferrooxidans can focus gold trapped in rock minerals drew the attention of mining companies, and they are now developing a method of applying these microorganisms in the gold mining industry. Biomining may be the way of exploration in the future, and researchers are now trying to modify the microorganisms so that they collect the ores of interest.

Certain microorganisms are used to clean our waste: be it pollution, compost heaps, or sewage: bacteria can get rid of things. The subject may not appeal to you, but there are microbes that clean sewage. That industrial waste can be cleaned out with bacteria has been known for over thirty years. Bacteria have a taste for mining wastewaters no matter how toxic the contaminants are for animals and humans. Specific bacteria metabolize these toxic chemicals into non-toxic, or less toxic compounds. Drunk bacteria can cleanup mining pollutants.

Here are more examples of how diverse our use of microorganisms is:

* Bacteria can degrade herbicides.Also pesticides can be degraded by bacteria and thus can groundwater that is contaminated be cleaned.
* How can ammonia, a component of dung and fertilizer, be benificial to plants? Only when nitrifying bacteria convert it to nitrite, and others change that to nitrate, which is a component that plants can use directly.
* Bacteria eat oil and a whole range of organic chemicals, like gasoline, diesel, benzene, toluene, acetone, and even PCB’s. Most of these are toxic to humans and higher organisms, can they be degraded into safe compounds by bacteria. This application of bacteria is called bioremediation. More about biomediation: using bacteria to clean up hazardous waste.
* The most spectacular bacterial species in use for cleaning up our industrial waste is D. radiodurans, which is the only bacteria so far known that can survive high doses of radioactivity. It can be used to clean up radioactive waste. The radioactivity cannot be destroyed by the bacteria, but they can ‘eat’ all chemical toxic solvents in which these radioactive wastes are often present, and thus slow down or prevent corrosion.
* Did you know? Bacteria can make plastic! And yet other bacteria can eat plastic.

Some bacteria are currently investigated for their power to manipulate mosquito’s – and in that way we could fight malaria with bacteria. In fact, the ways how bacteria can be applied are nearly as diverse as their life styles.

But even those bacteria for which we haven’t found an application, have a role to play in their own environment. Bacteria are essential components in the biospere of our planet.

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hepatitis c, hepatitis virus, hepatitis liver

Hepatitis means inflammation (itis) of the liver (hepar), a worsening or swelling of the liver cells. There are many reasons for hepatitis which include infections A, B and C that many of us have come across, but also the disease also includes auto-immune hepatitis, fatty liver hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis and toxin induced hepatitis. Globally, it’s estimated that around 250 million people are impacted by hepatitis C. Moreover, around 400 million persons are chronic carriers of hepatitis B.

How big is the Hepatitis Problem?
Hepatitis is an enormous ailment; so extensive in fact that there’s a good chance you keep company with at least one or more people who have hepatitis. There’s an equally high chance that you know nothing about them because with hepatitis comes a stigma. Often people with hepatitis find it easier to get on with their life by not informing others. This is mainly due to the difficulties they can experience due to the ignorance of others. The issue may however be compounded by the fact that some forms of hepatitis are infectious. However, those who know they’ve infectious hepatitis only need take a few basic precautions to prevent passing the infection around.

The Liver
Hepatitis affects the liver. The liver is a wedge shaped organ located on the upper right side of the body, lying beneath the rib cage. The largest organ it accocunts for 2 to 3 percent of the body’s total weight. Unlike the heart or stomach, the liver has no one function. Doctors specialising in the liver, hepatologists, think that it has over 140 functions. Such as producing bile needed for digestion, storing minerals and vitamins, assisting in blood clotting (vitamin k supplement), neutralising poisons, producing amino acids to build healthy muscles, regulating energy, maintaining hormonal balance, processing drugs. When someone gets hepatitis the function of the liver is compromised and the functions of it can be affected to varying degrees.

The History of Hepatitis
Hepatitis was believed to exist in viral form from ancient times. It is well known that a disease existed that affected the liver and caused yellowing of the skin (jaundice). İnvolving the 1800s and early 1900s, 2 types were recognized as either serum type or viral type. In 1963 there was clearly an important breakthrough which identified the cause of serum hepatitis and named the hepatitis B virus (HBV). 10 years later the source of infectious hepatitis was found and named the Hepatitis A virus (HAV), and although scientists knew other viruses existed it was not until 1989 that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was isolated.

Even though hepatitis delta virus (HDV) was known about since the mid 1970s, it was only in the late 1980s -1990s that it was understood to exist only in the presence of hepatitis B. In 1990, hepatitis E virus (HEV) and in 1995, Hepatitis G virus (HGV), were identified. Other viruses, hepatitis F virus (HFV) and transfusion transmission virus (TTV) are believed to exist, but are not as yet proven.

Viral Hepatitis
Each type of viral hepatitis is different. They’ve different characteristics and are known by alphabetical names – hepatitis A through to E. Four other types exist F, G, TTV (Transfusion Transmitted Virus) and S.E.N-V (these are the initials of the person in which this form of the virus was initially identified – V standing for virus). Behavioral precautions and treatment will depend on the sort of hepatitis.

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