Hypoglycemia, also known as low blood glucose or blood sugar low, occurs when the Blutzucker values below the normal level. Glucose, an important source of energy for the body comes from food. Carbohydrates are the most important dietary source of glucose. Rice, potatoes, bread, tortillas, corn, milk, fruits and sweets are all carbohydrate-rich foods.

Hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by an abnormally low level of blood sugar ,human body’s main source of energy.Hypoglycemia is generally associated with diabetic issues. However, a wide range of circumstances, many of them unusual, can cause low glucose levels in individuals without diabetic issues. Like nausea, hypoglycemia isn’t a illness itself — it’s an indication of a wellness.

Immediate therapy of hypoglycemia includes fast actions to get your glucose levels level back into a regular variety, either with high-sugar meals or drugs. Long-term therapy needs determining and healing the actual cause of hypoglycemia.

When system sugar starts to fall, glucagon-another hormonal agent made by the pancreas-signals the liver to break down glycogen and release sugar into the system. Our system vessels sugar will then rise toward a regular stage. In some people with diabetic issues, this glucagon response to hypoglycemia is reduced and other hormones such as epinephrine, also called excitement, may raise the system sugar stage. But with diabetic issues handled with injections or pills that increase injections production, glucose levels can’t quickly return to the regular range.

Hypoglycemia can happen instantly. It is usually light and can be handled quickly by eating or drinking a bit of glucose-rich food. If neglected, hypoglycemia can get worse and cause misunderstandings, clumsiness, or passing out. Severe hypoglycemia can lead to convulsions, coma, and even death.
In children and adults older than 10 years, hypoglycemia is unusual except as a side effects of diabetic issues treatment. Hypoglycemia can also result, however, from other medications or illnesses, hormonal agent or compound inadequacies, or cancers.

Symptoms of Hypoglycemia

• Sleepiness
• Shakiness
• Nervousness
• Sweating
• Hunger
• Dizziness or light-headedness
• Anxiety
• Weakness
• Difficulty speaking
• Confusion

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Hepatitis C is a blood borne virus that infects cells in the liver. In most cases occur in people with needles and syringes contaminated with traces of blood to inject “street drugs”. Some of the infections clear naturally. Some people are free of symptoms of persistent infection, while others have symptoms. Persistent infection can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and can lead to liver cancer. Treatment can remove the infection for more than half the cases.

What does the liver do ?

The liver is in the upper right abdomen. It has many features which include:

• Storage of glycogen (fuel for the body), which is made from sugar. When needed, glycogen is broken down into glucose which is released into the blood.
• To help convert fats and proteins from digested food.
• Make the proteins that are essential for blood clotting (coagulation factors).
• Treatment of many drugs you can take.
• Help to remove or process alcohol, poisons and toxins from the body.
• Making bile which passes through the liver to the intestine in the bile ducts. Bile breaks down fat in food so they can be absorbed by the intestine.

What is hepatitis?

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. There are many causes of hepatitis. For example, drinking too much alcohol, drugs and chemicals, and also several different viruses can cause hepatitis.

What is hepatitis C ?

A virus that causes hepatitis C. Hepatitis is called This booklet is about hepatitis C. See separate leaflets called “hepatitis A” and “Hepatitis B”, which are caused by different viruses. Hepatitis C is also known as hepatitis C or HCV. Hepatitis C was discovered in the 1980s by what is still a relatively new disease, some aspects of this disease is not fully understood.

Hepatitis C is a virus that is in the blood to the liver. It may affect and damage your liver. However, this virus also affect other parts of the body including the digestive system, immune system and brain.

There are six types of hepatitis C, which all have different genes. These different types are called genotypes, and they are numbered from January to June Almost everyone in the UK who have hepatitis C have genotype 1, genotype 2 or genotype third It is important to know what type you have so of different types respond differently to treatment. It is possible to be infected with more than one type of hepatitis C at the same time.

How common is hepatitis C ?

The exact number of people infected is not known. In the UK 400,000 people are believed to be infected with hepatitis C. Worldwide, it is much more common. It is believed that 2-3% of the world’s population are persistently infected with hepatitis C. It is more common in some parts of Egypt, China and Indonesia.Most cases are people who inject illegal drugs. It is estimated that more than half of IDUs are infected with hepatitis C.

How can you get hepatitis C ?

Hepatitis C is a blood-borne infectious diseases. The main source of infection is the blood of an infected person.

• Most cases are caused by the use of contaminated needles or syringes (spoons, syringes, filters, water for injections, etc.) to inject drugs (needle exchange). Even a small amount of the residual blood ‘ needle of an infected person is enough to cause the spread to others.
• Some people who received blood transfusions or blood before 1991 were infected with hepatitis C from a blood donor. Since 1991, all blood products and blood donations in the UK are tested for hepatitis C.
• There is also a risk of contracting hepatitis C from bites or other injuries with loss of blood of infected people.
• There is a small risk of contracting the virus from sharing toothbrushes, razors and other items that may be contaminated with blood. The virus can survive outside the body for at least two weeks.
• There is even a small risk of inhalation of drugs like cocaine, they can go inside the nose bleed. If this happens, small spots of blood may fall into the note you are using and being used by another person, the blood can travel up the nose and the blood.
• There is also a small risk of re-use of drilling equipment used for tattooing, acupuncture, etc.
• There is a small risk that an infected mother can transmit the infection of the child.
• There is a small risk that the infected person can infect the same sex.

The virus is transferred to a normal social contact such as holding hands, hugging, or sharing cups or utensils.

What are the symptoms and how the progress of hepatitis C ?

Many people with hepatitis C feel well and have few or no symptoms. The symptoms, which may be present (see below) are often thought of as a result of other medical conditions. This may indicate that hepatitis C can be diagnosed when you have had the virus for some time. Many people have hepatitis C without knowing it.

It is useful to think of two stages of infection with hepatitis C. An acute phase when infected and a chronic phase (persistent) in people where the virus remains in the long run.

Acute

Acute means “new” or “for a short time.” This phase lasts for six months. Once infected with the virus, most people have no symptoms or only slight them. If symptoms appear, they develop some 7-8 weeks after exposure to the virus and may include: .. nausea, vomiting and malaise Some people become jaundiced (go ‘yellow’) This is due to an accumulation of bilirubin chemical that is made in the liver and spills into the blood certain liver diseases. It is unusual to have severe symptoms.

After the initial infection:

• In the order of 1 to 5 cases, the virus is eliminated from the body by the immune system in 2-6 months. If this happens, you will have no long term effect against the virus. Young men and women are more likely to eliminate the virus this way.
• About 4 in 5 cases, the virus remains active in the liver, blood, and long term. This is called chronic hepatitis C.

Chronic phase

Chronic hepatitis C is when the infection lasts more than six months. The course of chronic infection varies considerably among people and is very unpredictable. Of those who develop chronic infection:

• Some people have mild symptoms or not. But even if you have no symptoms can still transmit the virus for hepatitis C to others who may develop problems.
• Some people develop symptoms due to persistent inflammation of the liver. For example, nausea, poor appetite, intolerance to alcohol liver pain, jaundice, and depression. The most common symptoms of chronic hepatitis C is extreme fatigue, poor concentration and memory problems and muscle and joint pain. There really is no relationship between symptom severity and degree of liver damage. This means that some people may have inflammation of the liver without any symptoms.
• About two thirds of people with chronic hepatitis C develop cirrhosis over a period of about 20-30 years. Cirrhosis is a “scar” of the liver that can lead to “liver failure” serious problems when it is severe. (See separate leaflet called cirrhosis.) Some people with chronic hepatitis C have no symptoms for many years to develop cirrhosis. Only when the liver begins to fail with cirrhosis symptoms appear.
• A small number of people who develop cirrhosis will develop liver cancer.

How is hepatitis C diagnosed?

A simple blood test can detect antibodies to hepatitis C in the blood. (Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to attack viruses, bacteria, etc.) A positive result means you have at some time been infected with hepatitis C.

This test is also good for people who have disappeared from the virus in their body. (Antibodies are, even if the virus has disappeared.) Moreover, it can take up to six months to become a positive antibody test after infection, when the body can take some time to make these antibodies. Thus, a negative test does not necessarily exclude recently acquired infection. Repeat the test a couple of months may be good in some people, that have recently been at risk of contracting hepatitis C.

If the test is positive, then further blood tests are needed to see if the virus is still present. This is called a PCR test. This is a more specialized test, which detects the virus particles. The test can also be done to find out exactly what type of hepatitis C has been infected.

Assessment of the severity of the infection

If you are found in the presence of viruses and other tests may be advised to check the degree of inflammation or liver damage. For example:

• Blood tests called liver function tests. These measure the activity of enzymes (chemicals) and other substances produced by the liver. This is to provide general guidance as to whether the liver is inflamed, and how it works. See separate leaflet called “blood tests for liver function tests -.”
• Ultrasound in the liver.
• Tests can other in patients with cirrhosis or other complications.
• There are other specialized blood tests are designed to assess the development and severity of cirrhosis.
• Liver biopsy (a small sample of liver taken to examine under a microscope) used to be recommended before considering treatment. However, this is no longer a routine prior to treatment. See separate leaflet called “liver biopsy”.

How I can avoid transmitting the virus to other people?

If you have hepatitis C in the course of infection, you should:

• Not share any injecting equipment such as needles, syringes etc.
• Do not donate blood or carry a donor card.
• Do not share razors, toothbrushes or anything that may be contaminated with blood.
• Use a condom during sexual intercourse. The risk of transmitting hepatitis C during sex is small, but reduced by the use of condoms. However, your partner in a regular relationship faithful accept the small risk of unprotected sex.

There is currently no vaccine available to protect against hepatitis C.

What is the treatment of hepatitis C ?

Treatment of hepatitis C has improved in recent years that improved the outlook for people with hepatitis C. The main goal of treatment is to eliminate hepatitis C in the body and prevent severe liver damage leading to cirrhosis.

As the damage caused by hepatitis C is usually very slow, as long as people with hepatitis C, the start of treatment varies from case. Specialist can discuss with you in detail the best time for you to start treatment.

The usual treatment is a combination of two different drugs, pegylated interferon and ribavirin. In general, this treatment can eliminate the virus (“cure”) and more than half of cases. However, the picture varies according to type (genotype) of the virus. The treatment eliminates the virus in nearly half of those infected with genotype 1, but eliminates the virus in about 4 to 5 persons infected with genotype 2 or 3.

Pegylated interferon is also known as peginterferon. And ‘the new form of medicine called interferon, which is similar to a substance in the body, also called interferon. It helps the body get rid of the virus hepatitis C. This can stop the virus damaging the liver. This is usually given as one injection per week.

Ribavirin is a drug that fights viruses. E ‘given in combination with pegylated interferon and taking each day as a tablet or a liquid. A course of treatment lasts 6-12 months, depending on the type of hepatitis C. It takes about 12 weeks to figure out if this treatment works. They usually have a blood test about 12 weeks after starting the drugs, if the amount of virus in the body is reduced. If so, then the full course of treatment has a good chance to clean the virus from the body.

The side effects of these treatments may occur, which can be fatigue, nausea, headache, depression. Some people have changed more lenient treatment, or if you have nasty side effects. The doctor or nurse will monitor your blood tests during treatment to detect possible side effects.

Treatment of hepatitis C is a developing area of ​​medicine. There are some new drugs have been introduced in recent years that show promise for improving the prospects. New treatments continue to be developed. The specialist who knows your case can give more precise information on the outlook for your particular situation.

Liver transplant

For some people with advanced cirrhosis, liver transplantation may be an option. Although this is a major operation, the prognosis after liver transplantation can be very good. However, the new liver may possibly be damaged by persistent infection with hepatitis C.

Diet and alcohol

Most people with chronic hepatitis C will be advised to eat a normal healthy balanced diet. Ideally, anyone with an inflammation of the liver does not drink alcohol. If you already have liver inflammation, alcohol increases the risk and rate of development of cirrhosis.

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