Cryptococcus neoformans, the fungus that causes this disease is commonly found in soil. It penetrates and infects the body through the lungs. Once inhaled, infection with cryptococcosis may disappear by itself, is only in the lungs, or spread in the body (disseminate).

Most cases occur in people with weakened immune systems, such as those infected with HIV, who take high doses of corticosteroids, chemotherapy, or who have Hodgkin’s disease.

In people with normal immune systems, lungs (pulmonary embolism) in the form of inflammation may have no symptoms. People with weakened immune systems, Cryptococcus organism can spread to the brain.

Neurological (brain) symptoms begin gradually. Most people with this infection is a meningoencephalitis (swelling and irritation of the brain and spinal cord) when they are diagnosed.

Cryptococcus is one of the most common fungal infections that threaten the life of people with AIDS.

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Measles, also known as measles, or measles, and respiratory tract infection caused by a virus, such as the paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus. Morbilliviruses, like other paramyxoviruses are enveloped, single-stranded, negative sense RNA viruses. Symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes and a global, maculopapular, erythematous rash.

Measles (also known as English measles) is spread through respiration (contact with fluids from an infected person’s nose and mouth, either directly or through aerosol transmission), and is very contagious -90% of people without immunity sharing living space with an infected person catches it. The infection has an average incubation period is 14 days (range 6-19 days) and infectivity lasts within two to four days until 2-5 days after rash onset.

Another name for measles in the Anglo-Saxon, measles, which is sometimes confused with rubella (German measles), diseases are not independent.

The classic symptoms of measles include fever four days, three C-cough, coryza (runny nose) and conjunctivitis (red eyes). The fever may reach up to 40 ° C (104 ° F). Koplik’s spots seen inside the mouth are pathognomonic (diagnostic) for measles, but not often seen, even in real cases of measles, because they are transient and may disappear in one day to ask.

The characteristic measles rash is classically described in general, maculopapular, erythematous rash that begins a few days after the fever begins. It begins on the head before spreading to cover most of your body, often causing itching. Eczema is described as a “stain” color change from red to dark brown, before disappearing. [Edit] measles rash appears two to four days after onset of symptoms and lasts up to eight days.

Measles Complications

Complications with measles are relatively common, ranging from relatively mild and less serious diarrhea, pneumonia and acute encephalitis (and, rarely, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis), corneal ulceration leading to corneal scarring.Complications are usually more severe among adults asking for the virus.

More than 13 years, between 1987 and 2000, around the death rate for the United States was 3 deaths per 1000 measles cases, 0.3% (177 deaths / 67 032 cases). Underdeveloped nations, and malnutrition and the low mortality rate of health care are as high as 28%. The mortality rate in immunocompromised patients is about 30%.

The clinical diagnosis of measles requires a history of fever for at least three days, at least one of the three C’s (cough, rhinitis, conjunctivitis). Observation of Koplik’s spots is also diagnostic measles.

Otherwise, the laboratory diagnosis of measles can be done with the confirmation of positive measles IgM antibodies or isolation of measles virus RNA from respiratory specimens. In children, where phlebotomy is not appropriate, saliva can be collected for testing saliva specific IgA against measles. positive contact with other patients know that measles adds strong epidemiological evidence for a diagnosis. Contact with an infected person in any way, including sperm by sex, saliva or mucus can cause an infection.

No specific treatment for measles. Most patients with measles will recover only with rest and symptomatic treatment. It is important to consult a doctor if the patient gets worse, because they can pose complications.

Some patients develop pneumonia as a result of measles. Other complications include ear infections, bronchitis and encephalitis. Acute measles encephalitis has a mortality of 15%. Although there is no specific treatment for measles encephalitis, antibiotics are necessary for bacterial pneumonia, sinusitis and bronchitis may follow measles.

All other treatments are symptomatic, with ibuprofen or acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol) to reduce fever and pain and, if necessary, a fast-acting bronchodilator for cough. As with aspirin, there was no research that suggests a correlation between children who take aspirin and Reye’s syndrome development. Some research has shown that aspirin can not be the only drug associated with Reye antiemetics and have even been involved with the point is that the link between aspirin use in children and Reye’s syndrome development is weak, the best, if not nonexistent. However, most health authorities have warned against the use of aspirin for fever in children younger than 16 years.

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